A Review of Wild Seafood Sustainability Certification Programs

A Snowy Valdez, Alaska Harbor Photo: Alan SorumProducers of wild Alaskan seafood understand how important it is for our fisheries to be managed on a sustainable basis. Methods employed to meet this need include use of enforceable catch limits, improving catch efficiency, limiting fishing efforts and implementation of quota share programs.

Since many fisheries in the world do not strive to meet similar goals, Alaska is keen to alert consumers about the sustained yield practices used in the state. One way to achieve this goal is to use an independent, third party to certify seafood in Alaska is being harvested on a sustainable basis. Several Alaska fisheries, like those directed at the five species of Pacific salmon are certified as sustainable by a group known as the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and bear an ecolabel that can easily be recognized by seafood consumers.

World Wildlife Fund Seafood Ecolabel Program Study

The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) commissioned Accenture Development Partnerships to make an independent assessment of seafood sustainability certification programs. The study, Assessment Study of On-Pack, Wild-Capture Seafood Sustainability Certification Programmes and Seafood Ecolabels. Accenture, was recently released and looked at seven certification programs that use ecolabels targeted at seafood consumers.

Using criteria established by the World Wildlife Fund, Accenture assessed the fisheries management claims made by these ecolabeling schemes. Criteria addressed in the study included consideration of climate change, evaluation of supply chain facilities, impacts made to fish and ecosystems, social and ethical practices, and humane treatment of animals.

The executive summary of the report states, “None of the standards analysed are in complete compliance with the criteria identified and defined by WWF as necessary for credible ecolabels or certification programs. The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is the only ecolabel that is close enough to be considered compliant with these criteria.” Read More »

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Skagway and the White Pass Route

Seawalk at Railroad DockFor over a hundred years, Skagway has served as the primary port access for the Yukon Territory. A small town at the northern reaches of Lynn Canal, Skagway attracts nearly a million visitors a year. They come to see the Klondike Gold Rush National Historic Park, ride the White Pass and Yukon Route Railroad (WP&YR), and hike the Chilkoot Trail. Most visitors arrive by cruise ship making the Port of Skagway the third busiest cruise ship destination in Alaska. The Klondike Highway and WP&YR rail bed represent the only land routes out of town, both crossing north over White Pass. The Alaska Marine Highway System and a single runway airport serve Skagway.

Pre-Gold Rush History – Prior to the Stampeders of 1897, the floodplain that Skagway rests on was occupied by the Tlingit Natives of Southeast Alaska. A mild climate and rich natural resources made the region a perfect location that fostered native culture for thousands of years. The Chilkoot Tlingit had villages near Taiya Inlet, at both Dyea and Skagway, and controlled trade into interior Canada through the Chilkoot and White Passes. Trade of eulachon oil, dried fish, pelts and hides continued with interior peoples until the Gold Rush 1897.

Klondike Gold Rush of 1897 to 1900 – Discovery of gold in the Yukon sparked a world known stampede of prospectors into the Skagway region. Dyea held the route advantage with its nearby Chilkoot Trail until construction of the White Pass and Yukon Route Railroad (WP&YR) was completed through White Pass and onto Whitehorse, Yukon. Dyea quickly faded and the future of Skagway was secured.

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The Condition of Arctic Birds in the United States

Trumpeter swans in the North

The United States Department of Interior has released a wide-ranging report on bird populations found throughout the United States titled the State of the Birds – United States of America 2009. Understanding the health of birds provides a direct indication of the Arctic’s environmental wellbeing. Robust bird populations depend on clean water, clean air, fertile lands and oceans.

Speakingof the report, Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar says, “Just as they were when Rachel Carson published Silent Spring nearly 50 years ago, birds today are a bellwether of the health of land, water and ecosystems. From shorebirds in New England to warblers in Michigan to songbirds in Hawaii, we are seeing disturbing downward population trends that should set off environmental alarm bells. We must work together now to ensure we never hear the deafening silence in our forests, fields and backyards that Rachel Carson warned us about.”

Habitat Regions Studied in Alaska

Alaska hosts three broad habitat regions detailed in the State of the Birds report; Coasts, Boreal Forests and the Arctic. Threats to habitat in Alaska comprise climate change, energy development, forest management practices, and coastal development. Read More »

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A Woman who went to Alaska

Book Cover: A Women who went to AlaskaA Women who went to Alaska details two astonishing trips made by May Kellogg Sullivan to the gold fields of the Yukon and Alaska Territories in the 1900’s. A true survivor, Sullivan stakes mining claims, works at menial jobs and experiences life with native people of the region. The very presence of women in the North during this era was extraordinary.

May Kellogg Sullivan’s first trip to Alaska begins an odyssey that will lead her from the docks of Seattle to those of Skagway and on to Dawson in the summer of 1899. Mary’s father preceded her to the Klondike Goldfields by a year and is shocked by his daughter’s unannounced arrival to his camp in the Yukon. Sullivan later travels on to Dutch Harbor/Unalaska and lands in Nome on Norton Sound. May speaks of Nome, “Crowded dirty, disorderly, full of saloons and gambling houses, with a few fourth-class restaurants and one or two mediocre hotels, we found the new mining camp a typical one in every respect. Prices were sky high. One even paid for a drink of water�.”

A reader interested in the gold rush of 1897 to 1900 will enjoy Sullivan’s rich imagery of strikes on Eldorado, Hunker and Bonanza Creeks, with Stampeders clawing their way to the Klondike, lingering for only a while and ultimately drifting along the Yukon River to the golden beaches of Nome. Travel on the thousand miles Yukon River is a story in of itself with passage through Forty Mile Camp, Eagle City and Circle City, crossing the Yukon Flats to Fort Yukon, and entering the Bering Sea to St. Michael. Any hiker of the Chilkoot Trail will enjoy her descriptions of travel on the White Pass and Yukon Route Railroad to Lake Bennett, British Columbia.

Ms. Sullivan tells her readers in the preface of the book, “In answer to the oft-repeated question of why I went to Alaska I can only give the same reply that so many others give: I wanted to go in search of my fortune which had been successfully eluding my grasp for a good many years. Neither home nor children claimed my attention. No good reason, I thought, stood in the way of my going to Alaska; for my husband, traveling constantly at his work had long ago allowed me carte blanche as to my inclinations and movements. To be sure, there was no money in the bank upon which to draw, and an account with certain friends whose kindness and generosity cannot be forgotten, was opened up to pay passage money; but so far neither they nor I have regretted making the venture.”

A Woman who went to Alaska is available as a free download as a Project Gutenberg book through manybooks.net. James H. Earle and Company of Boston first published the 95,418-word book on the gold rush era in 1902.

Copyright – 2007 by Alan Sorum.

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Valdez – Gateway to Prince William Sound

Valdez as Seen from Dock Point

Valdez as Seen from Dock Point

Those interested in outdoor recreational pursuits will find Valdez, Alaska a destination for all seasons. This community is located on the northern shore of Port Valdez in northeastern Prince William Sound and backs against the rugged coastal Chugash Mountains. Port Valdez is the closest saltwater accessible by residents of interior Alaska living along the Richardson Highway running from Copper Center towards Fairbanks.

Fishing for Silver Salmon

Tolling for Silver salmon in Port Valdez during late August is one of the best fishing experiences found in Alaska. This is a terminal fishery supported by the Valdez Fisheries Development Association (VFDA), a private non-profit fish hatchery based in the community. Once this annual run of Silvers is in Port, the fishing is fast, furious and exciting. Silver salmon are remarkable fighters, making aerobatic twists in the air and threatening to break free at any moment. The Silvers are plentiful in most years and a typical bag limit is six fish per day. Adding to the anticipation of catching numerous big Silvers, the community hosts a substantially funded fishing derby each year during the salmon run awarding major prizes for the largest fish caught. Read More »

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